﻿<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <title>The Reasons for Pauls letter to Rome.</title>
<meta charset=utf-8>
<meta name="description" content="What was Paul's reason for writing to the Church in Rome?">
<meta name="keywords" content="rome,romans,paul,trevor forrester,forrest ministries,eschatology,the end times,second coming,apostles and prophets,bible and homosexuality,bible faith,bible homosexuality,bible prophets,biblical prophets,biblical theology,christ faith,christian faith,christian prophets,christian theology,christianity,faith,christianity theology,counseling pastoral,covenant theology,degree theology,evangelical theology,faith bible, faith bible study,hebrew prophets,homosexuality,homosexuality bible,homosexuality christian,homosexuality the bible,john theology,kingdom,hearts nobodies,masters theology,new testament theology,new theology,online theology,pastoral,pastoral counseling,pastoral ministry,pastoral theology,prophets,school of theology,spong,synoptic gospels,synoptic gospels comparison,the synoptic gospels,theology,theology biblical,theology church">
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"/>
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"/>
<meta id="meta" name="viewport"
content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0" />
    <link href="fmstlyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <link href="Styles/portal.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript">

    var _gaq = _gaq || [];
    _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-34118305-1']);
    _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);

    (function () {
        var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;
        ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
        var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
    })();

</script></head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class=Section1>
<br>
<br>
<article>
<div>
<p class=majorheading>Evaluate Paul&#39;s purpose in writing
    to the Church at Rome.</div>
<br>
<br>
<div class="heading3">Author:<a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/111875209479298778013/about" 
        rel="author" 
        style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">  Trevor Forrester BMin AdvDipTh.</a></div>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="heading3">Question.</div>
<br>
<br>
<p class=MsoNormal>What was Pauls purpose in writing
his letter to the church at Rome?</p>
<br>
<br>
<div class="heading3">Synopsis.</div>
<br>
<br>

<p class=MsoNormal>As the question of Pauls purpose in
writing the letter to the church at Rome
is considered, it will become immediately obvious that there will be no
clear-cut answer. So varied are the different interpretations of this issue
that any attempt to devise a new approach would be likened to re-inventing the
wheel. For the purposes of this essay, two scholarly attempts to solve this
mystery will be dealt with. That of W.S. Campbell and that of Leon Morris.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>It will be seen that each is really a variation of the other
and that the purpose can be honed done to a short list of possibilities.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>However, as this is applied to our
contemporary situation many of the differing views will come into a sharper
focus.</p>
<br>
<br>
<div class="heading3">Discussion.</div>
<br>
<br>
<div class="heading2">Different Views.</div>
<br>
<br>
<div class="heading5">W.S. Campbell's View.</div>
<br>
<br>
<p class=MsoNormal>Firstly, that of W.S. Campbell<a name="_ftnref1"></a><a
href="#_ftn1" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'></span><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[1]</span></span></sup></span></a>&nbsp;who
writes that the debated purposes behind Pauls letter to the Romans are: </p>

<p class=MsoNormal>A). a letter of <a name="_ftnref2"></a>self-introduction.<a
href="#_ftn2" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'></span><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'></span><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[2]</span></sup></span></a>
The letter is to be seen as an introduction to prepare the way for his
missionary activities in Spain, as laid out in chapter Romans 15:22-32. Paul, in
anticipation of his visit to Rome
is looking to gain support for the extension of his mission to the gentiles.
This is a view supported by J.A.T. Robinson who holds that the purpose of
Romans is beyond dispute<a name="_ftnref3"></a><a href="#_ftn3" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref3'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[3]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref3'></span></a>.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>The main objections to this view are that it is not
consistent with Pauls other letters and what <span class=GramE>is</span> known
of Paul. That is, he would not feel obliged to seek the approval of the Roman
church for his theology<a name="_ftnref4"></a><a href="#_ftn4" title=""><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[4]</span></span></sup></span></span></a>.
In addition, these references <span class=GramE>are seen</span> as being so
vague about his intended visit that they could hardly be the main theme of his
letter<a name="_ftnref5"></a><a href="#_ftn5" title=""><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[5]</span></span></sup></span></span></a>:
</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>b). The Book of Romans is an assertion of Pauls Apostolic
Authority. Anton Fridrichsen and G. Klien view the letter to the Romans as an
attempt to impose the authority of Paul on the church. That is, not so much
what they can do for Paul as what Paul can do for them<a name="_ftnref6"></a><a
href="#_ftn6" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[6]</span></span></sup></span></span></a>:
</p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>c). The Book of Romans as a letter to the
Church in Jerusalem<a name="_ftnref7"></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref7'></span><a href="#_ftn7" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref7'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[7]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref7'></span></a></span>.
This explanation deals with the issues of the division between the Jewish and
Gentile church. Paul while in deep thought over these issues has, as he set his
sights on Jerusalem,
a need to bring unity to the cause of the gospel. Thus, he writes to the Jerusalem church to take
up the issue of justification by faith<a name="_ftnref8"></a><a href="#_ftn8"
title=""><span style='position:relative;
top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;
top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[8]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref8'></span></a>.
Campbell stresses that the weakest point to be found in the view that Romans is
a letter to the Church in Jerusalem, is that although this interpretation enables
us to establish some connections between the writing of Romans and Jerusalem it
fails to provide any conclusive reason why the letter should actually have been
addressed to Rome<a name="_ftnref9"></a><a href="#_ftn9" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref9'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[9]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref9'></span></a>;
</p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>d). The Book of Romans as a circular
letter to Rome.</span>
</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>This explanation owes much to T.W. Manson who argues on
textual grounds that the letter <span class=GramE>is best interpreted</span> as
a letter to Rome
and others<a name="_ftnref10"></a><a href="#_ftn10" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref10'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[10]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref10'></span></a>.
If Romans is to <span class=GramE>be viewed</span> as a circular letter, then
the reason needed for justifying it either as a letter to Roman or to the
church in Jerusalem
is removed. Again however, claims Campbell, this
fails to provide an adequate explanation as to why it <span class=GramE>was
sent</span> to Rome<a name="_ftnref11"></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref11'></span><a href="#_ftn11" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref11'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[11]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref11'></span></a>:
</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>e). Finally, Campbell puts
forward the idea that Romans was a letter written to Rome to deal with an internal problem<a
name="_ftnref12"></a><a href="#_ftn12" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[12]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref12'></span></a>.
Possibly a division had been formed between liberal minded Gentile Christians
(the strong in faith) and the more conservative Jewish Christians (the weak in
faith)<a name="_ftnref13"></a><a href="#_ftn13" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref13'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[13]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref13'></span></a>.
In Campbell's view, Paul's letter <span
class=GramE>was composed</span> to the former, who Campbell sees as the cause of an internal dispute,
which causes Paul to exegete the righteous purpose of God<a name="_ftnref14"></a><a
href="#_ftn14" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[14]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref14'></span></a>.
In an effort to counteract the disunity Paul goes on to emphasise the equality
of both Jew and Gentile in sin (Romans 3:20) and in the gospel (Romans 10:12)<a
name="_ftnref15"></a><a href="#_ftn15" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[15]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref15'></span></a>.</p>
<br>
<br>
<div class="heading5"><span class=GramE>Leon Morris' View.</span></div>
<br>
<br>
<p class=MsoNormal>Secondly, an author that has assessed these issues is Leon
Morris. It must however be noted that Morris in many places follows the lines
of debate as laid out in Karl P. <span class=SpellE>Donfrieds</span> book The
Romans Debate.<a name="_ftnref16"></a><a href="#_ftn16" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref16'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[16]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref16'></span></a>Space
dictates that not all of these views will be able to <span class=GramE>be
adequately dealt with</span> in this paper; however, it is my aim that the main
themes here are dealt with, using the proper respect.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>a.) One view that <span class=GramE>is placed</span> under
the microscope is that Romans was a Compendium of Christian Teaching<a
name="_ftnref17"></a><a href="#_ftn17" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[17]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref17'></span></a>.
This is a view that W.G.T. Shedd would whole-heartedly agree with<a
name="_ftnref18"></a><a href="#_ftn18" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[18]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref18'></span></a>.
Those who hold this view see the steady treatment of important themes
throughout the epistle as the key to understanding <span class=GramE>Pauls</span>
purpose. However as Morris rightly points out, this does not allow for the
specific references to Roman found in the epistle<a name="_ftnref19"></a><a
href="#_ftn19" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[19]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref19'></span></a>.
Likewise, many important theological issues such as Christology, the
Resurrection and the Church are obvious by their omission.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>b.) Morris looks at the understanding that Romans is <span
class=GramE>Pauls</span> mature thinking on Essential Christianity<a
name="_ftnref20"></a><a href="#_ftn20" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[20]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref20'></span></a>.
He quotes Gunter Bornkamm who claims that it is <span class=GramE>Pauls</span>
last will and testament<a name="_ftnref21"></a><a href="#_ftn21" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref21'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[21]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref21'></span></a>.
Bornkamm feels that Paul is referring back to his conversion experience and
writing his reflection on it in light of his own journey, having dealt with
perplexing questions that had arisen out of his encounters with the Judaisers<a
name="_ftnref22"></a><a href="#_ftn22" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[22]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref22'></span></a>.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>Bornkamm elevates the hypothesis of T.W. Manson (mentioned
earlier) to be a valid explanation of why the specific references to Rome exist in the epistle<a
name="_ftnref23"></a><a href="#_ftn23" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[23]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref23'></span></a>.
Morris like Campbell asks the questions, if this
is <span class=GramE>Pauls</span> reflections or last will and testament, why
did Paul send the Epistle to Rome?
A satisfactory answer this view fails to <span class=GramE>be provided</span>
in any meaningful way.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>c.) Romans <span class=GramE>is</span> seen as a discussion
of the church. A view Franz J. Leenhardt holds as the key to the Epistle. With
Paul setting his sights towards Spain the Roman church needed to be the base of
the Church as Jerusalem was to distant to be the Mother Church<a
name="_ftnref24"></a><a href="#_ftn24" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[24]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref24'></span></a>.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>d.) Morris like Campbell
when looking at the view of Romans being a circular letter quotes John Knox.
Knox writes<span class=GramE>,</span> I am by no means convinced of the truth
of this suggestion.<a name="_ftnref25"></a><a href="#_ftn25" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref25'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[25]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref25'></span></a>The
scheme Morris posits is however not without merit but leaves too many mysteries
unsolved. T.W. Manson as stated earlier is the main exponent of this view<a
name="_ftnref26"></a><a href="#_ftn26" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[26]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref26'></span></a>.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>e.) Morris again highlights as does Campbell
the idea that Romans is a letter to the Jerusalem
church<a name="_ftnref27"></a><a href="#_ftn27" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref27'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[27]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref27'></span></a>.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>f.) Morris looks at the idea that Romans is a collection of
Personal claims. This suggestion closely follows that of <span class=SpellE>Campbell</span>s when he talks about Romans being
an assertion of <span class=GramE>Pauls</span> apostolic authority<a
name="_ftnref28"></a><a href="#_ftn28" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[28]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref28'></span></a>.
This <span class=GramE>is also closely linked</span> to <span class=SpellE>Morriss</span>
seventh point. That is some see Romans as Paul laying down his Apostolic
Foundations.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=SpellE>Morriss</span> final point about the Weak
and Strong<a name="_ftnref29"></a><a href="#_ftn29" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref29'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[29]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref29'></span></a>&nbsp;is
linked with <span
   class=SpellE><span class=GramE>Campbell</span></span><span
  class=SpellE> idea that some see Romans as a letter written to alleviate the disunity caused by
internal conflict. <a name="_ftnref30"></a>Robert J. Karris holds as the means of
unlocking the truth behind the epistle this theme</span><a href="#_ftn30" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref30'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[30]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref30'></span></a>.
Karris writes, Thus the occasion for Romans and <span class=GramE>its purpose
are</span> to be seen in Pauls attempts to unify the divergent communities in Rome.<a name="_ftnref31"></a><a
href="#_ftn31" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[31]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref31'></span></a>On
this point A.J.M. Wedderburn<a name="_ftnref32"></a><a href="#_ftn32" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref32'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[32]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref32'></span></a>,
writes in defence of <span
  class=SpellE><span class=GramE>Campbell</span></span><span
 class=SpellE><span class=GramE>s</span></span> article and to
emphasis this point, Gentile Christians could have had an adverse affect upon
the outcome of Pauls journey to Jerusalem
and thus the unity of the whole church.<a name="_ftnref33"></a><a href="#_ftn33"
title=""><span style='position:relative;
top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;
top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[33]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref33'></span></a></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>As Morris draws near to his own stance, he gives an overview
of Matthew Blacks idea that Romans is about Paul Liberalising a reactionary
church<a name="_ftnref34"></a><a href="#_ftn34" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref34'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[34]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref34'></span></a>.
This <span class=GramE>is followed</span> by Wilhelm <span class=SpellE>Wuellners</span><a
name="_ftnref35"></a><a href="#_ftn35" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[35]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref35'></span></a>&nbsp;and
Robert <span class=SpellE>Jewetts</span><a name="_ftnref36"></a><a
href="#_ftn36" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[36]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref36'></span></a>&nbsp;concept
of it being a Rhetorical Genre.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>For Morris the depth of Romans lies in <span class=GramE>Pauls</span>
preparation for a visit. Morris has on his side substantial scholarly support,
although he admits it does not take away all of the difficulties. It does
however; take into account Pauls having been a missionary for some twenty
years. </p>

<p class=MsoNormal>This author agrees with C.H. Dodd<a name="_ftnref37"></a><a
href="#_ftn37" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[37]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref37'></span></a>,
who points out that the purpose of Romans <span class=GramE>is outlined</span>
in Romans 15:14-33. Paul was writing to build a base for his intended mission
into Spain.
It was important for <span class=GramE>Pauls</span> future plans to secure the
sympathy of the church and thus he sets out to give a comprehensive and
reasoned statement of the fundamentals of the Christian faith as he had lived
it<a name="_ftnref38"></a><a href="#_ftn38" title=""><span style='mso-bookmark:
_ftnref38'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[38]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref38'></span></a>.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>G.G Findlay adds a qualifier that is worthy of note, Such an
epistle, while it paved the way for his approaching visit, would at the same
time fore-arm this church against the Judaising agitators.<a name="_ftnref39"></a><a
href="#_ftn39" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[39]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref39'></span></a></p>

<p class=MsoNormal>C.K. Barrett would widen this idea a little further and say
that the epistle to the Romans not only prepares the way for Pauls approach to
Rome and his intended mission further beyond but that it is also, Pauls
exposition of his gospel to the gentile churches which had come into existence
independently of his efforts<a name="_ftnref40"></a><a href="#_ftn40" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref40'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[40]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref40'></span></a>.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>Thus, it <span class=GramE>can be seen</span> that to wade
through the mire of different ideas and scholarly research on this issue is to
say the least, hazardous. This author finds the evidence last mentioned to be
the most compelling although that of Karris has a vast impact when we look at
applying the purpose of Romans to our contemporary situation. In concluding
this part of the essay, Ann Jervis<a name="_ftnref41"></a><a href="#_ftn41"
title=""><span style='position:relative;
top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;
top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[41]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref41'></span></a>&nbsp;idea
that Paul was writing to exercise his mandate for mission and his preaching the
Gospel in writing, was to claim the Roman believers as part of his offering of
sanctified and obedient gentiles. This has considerable merit.<a
name="_ftnref42"></a><a href="#_ftn42" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[42]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref42'></span></a></p>
<br>
<br>
<div class="heading5"><span class=GramE>Paul's Purpose.</span></div>
<br>
<br>
<p class=MsoNormal>As mentioned, when we apply the purpose of the book of
Romans to our contemporary situation the view of Karris takes on a new
paradigm. Reta Finger, who holds that Pauls primary purpose in writing Romans,
was to prepare for his visit and his intended mission to Spain, points out two problems that
he faced in doing so<a name="_ftnref43"></a><a href="#_ftn43" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref43'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[43]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref43'></span></a>.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>One, a theological problem, how do you preach a gospel that
is aimed at breaking down hostility when those whom you wish to help you spread
it have barriers of their own<a name="_ftnref44"></a><a href="#_ftn44" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref44'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[44]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref44'></span></a>?
</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>The other, a practical problem of how he can ask the support
of a group of Christians when they are so divided. If one group agrees to help
there is the potential for the other to undermine the work<a name="_ftnref45"></a><a
href="#_ftn45" title=""><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span
style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span style='font-size:8.0pt'>[45]</span></span></sup></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftnref45'></span></a>.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>Thus, in a contemporary situation the letter would be of
prime importance to any minister, missionary or evangelist who was considering
calling on a church to support them in an outreach to the world in which they
live. The purpose of Romans in this situation would still be same as Paul's
own. That is, to prepare the hearts of the church so that on all occasions they
could represent a united front to all whom they would present the gospel.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>Paul in a very systematic way has presented to the church of Roman an exposition of where they should
be at, and how they can get there. What use is it today to a body of believers
to evangelise the world but only offer them in physical terms, a place in a
church that is lacking unity and equality. Today as then there needs to be no
division between the strong and the weak.</p>

<p class=MsoNormal>There is a need for all of us to remember from time to time,
what Christianity is all about and what Christ has done for us. Hence, today it
is appropriate to preach systematically through the book of Romans, so that we
can help bring about a renewal of spiritual activity in the believer. It is too
easy in this world that has no room for God, or the church, to <span
class=GramE>be caught up</span> in materialism.</p>
<br>
<br>
<div class=heading5><span class=GramE>Conclusion.</span></div>
<br>
<br>
<p class=MsoNormal>In Conclusion then, what use is it for the church to offer 
    something to the world that it the world already has. Moreover, why would they 
    want to come to a place that exhibits all the signs of being no different from 
    the rest? Paul in Phillippians 1:27ff,
talks about striving side by side and being of one mind as we live a life
worthy of the gospel. In Romans, he offers the opportunity to reflect and
understand what that gospel is all about so that when the church reaches out to
meet the people of Spain
or elsewhere they are presenting to these people a reflection of a Christly
kingdom.</p>
</article>
<br>
<br>
<div class=heading1>BIBLIOGRAPHY.</div>
<br>
<p class=BibText>Barrett, C.K.,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>A
Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans</u>. (Adam &amp;
Charles Black: London, 1957).</p>

<p class=BibText>Black, <span class=BibText>Matthew.,</span> &nbsp;&nbsp;
<u>Romans</u>. (Eerdmans; Grand Rapids,1973).</p>

<p class=BibText>Bornkamm, <span class=BibText>Gunter.,</span>&nbsp;<u>The
Letter to the Romans as Pauls last will and Testament.</u> Australian Biblical
Review XI 1963 2-14.</p>

<p class=BibText>Campbell,
W.S.,&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; <u>Why did Paul write Romans?</u> The
Expository Times. Volume LXXXV No 9 (June,
1974) 264-268.</p>

<p class=BibText>Dodd, C.H., &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<u>The Epistle to the Romans</u>. <span
class=GramE>(Hodder</span> &amp; Stoughton: London, 1954).</p>

<p class=BibText>Donfried Karl P., &nbsp; <span
class=GramE><u>The Romans Debate</u>. (T&amp;T
Clark; Edinburgh, 1977).</span></p>

<p class=BibText>Findlay,
G.G.,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>The
Epistle of Paul The Apostle</u>. (Charles H. Kelly: London,
1903).</p>

<p class=BibText>Finger, Reta Haltenman.,
<u>Paul and the Roman
 HouseChurches</u>,
(Herald Press: Scottdale; Pennsylvannia,
1993).</p>

<p class=BibText>Karris,
Robert, J.,  <u>Romans 14:1-15:13
and the Occasion of Romans,The Romans
Debate</u>. (Ed. Karl P. Donfried: T&amp;T Clark;
Edinburgh, 1977) 65-84.</p>

<p class=BibText>Jervis,
Ann., &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>The Purpose of
Romans</u>, Journal for the Study of the New Testament: Supplement Series 55. <span
class=GramE>(JSOT Press: Sheffield, 1991).</span></p>

<p class=BibText>Jewett,
Robert.,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>Romans as an Ambassadorial
Letter</u>, Interpretation, XXXVI&nbsp; No 1 (1982) 5-20.</p>

<p class=BibText>Knox,
John.,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>A
note on the Text of Romans</u>, New Testament Studies. Volume 2
(1955-56) 193. (191-193).</p>

<p class=BibText>Manson,
T.W.,&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>St
  Pauls Letter to the Romans and Others, <span
class=GramE>The Romans Debate</u>. (Ed. Karl
P. Donfried: T&amp;T Clark; Edinburgh, 1977).</span></p>

<p class=BibText><span
class=GramE>Marrow, Stanley, B., <u>Paul his Letters and his Theology</u>.</span>
(Paulist Press; New York, 1986).</p>

<p class=BibText>Morris,
Leon., &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>The Epistle to the
Romans</u>. (Eerdmans; Grand Rapids, 1988).</p>

<p class=BibText>Robinson,
J.A.T., &nbsp; <u>Wrestling with Romans</u>. (SCM Press;
London, 1979).</p>

<p class=BibText>Shedd,
W.T., &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>Commentary on Romans</u>. <span
class=GramE>(Grand Rapids,
1980 repr</span>. Of 1879 <span
class=SpellE>edn</span>.).</p>

<p class=BibText>Wedderburn,
A.J.M., <u>The Purpose and Occasion of Romans Again</u>, The
Expository Times, Volume XC No 5 Feb 1979 137-141.</p>

<p class=BibText><span
class=SpellE>Wuellner</span>, Wilhelm., <u>Pauls Rhetoric
of Argumentation in Romans: An Alternative to the Donfried-Karris
Debate over Romans</u>, Catholic Bible Quarterly. XXXVIII
1976 330. 330-351.</p>
<br>
<br>
<div class="heading3">Footnotes.
</div><br><br>
<div id=ftn1>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn1"></a><a href="#_ftnref1" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn1'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[1]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn1'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn1'></span>&nbsp;W.S.
Campbell, Why did Paul write Romans? <u>The Expository Times</u>.
Volume LXXXV No 9 (1974) June 264.<span
style='font-family:Brougham'></span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn2>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn2"></a><a href="#_ftnref2" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn2'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[2]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn2'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn2'></span>&nbsp;Stanley<span
class=GramE> B. Marrow, <u>Paul his Letters and his Theology</u>.</span> <span
class=GramE>(Paulist</span> Press; New York, 1986) 207.
This self introductory purpose is held by Marrow.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn3>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn3"></a><a href="#_ftnref3" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn3'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[3]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn3'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn3'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>J.A.T. Robinson, <u>Wrestling with Romans</u>.</span> (SCM Press;
London, 1979) 1. Robinson writes; The letter is sent
to prepare his way. He had long hoped to visit Rome (1:10,13; 15:23), but his
missionary policy had always kept him where no other evangelistic work had been
done, and even now he intends only a fleeting visit en route for Spain.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn4>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn4"></a><a href="#_ftnref4" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn4'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[4]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn4'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn4'></span>&nbsp;Campbell<span
class=GramE>, 264.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn5>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn5"></a><a href="#_ftnref5" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn5'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[5]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn5'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn5'></span>&nbsp;Campbell<span
class=GramE>, 265.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn6>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn6"></a><a href="#_ftnref6" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn6'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[6]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn6'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn6'></span>&nbsp;Campbell<span
class=GramE>, 265.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn7>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn7"></a><a href="#_ftnref7" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn7'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[7]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn7'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn7'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>For a complete coverage of this view see: Jacob Jervell</span>,
<u>The Romans Debate</u>. (Ed. Karl P. <span
class=SpellE>Donfried</span>: T&amp;T Clark; Edinburgh, 1977) 53ff.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn8>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn8"></a><a href="#_ftnref8" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn8'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[8]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn8'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn8'></span>&nbsp;Campbell<span
class=GramE>, 266.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn9>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn9"></a><a href="#_ftnref9" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn9'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[9]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn9'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn9'></span>&nbsp;Campbell<span
class=GramE>, 267.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn10>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn10"></a><a href="#_ftnref10" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn10'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[10]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn10'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn10'></span>&nbsp;Campbell<span
class=GramE>, 268.</span> ; T.W. Manson, <u>The
Romans Debate</u>. (Ed. Karl P. Donfried: T&amp;T
Clark; Edinburgh, 1977) 3.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn11>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn11"></a><a href="#_ftnref11" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn11'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[11]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn11'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn11'></span>&nbsp;Campbell<span
class=GramE>, 268.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn12>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn12"></a><a href="#_ftnref12" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn12'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[12]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn12'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn12'></span>&nbsp;Campbell<span
class=GramE>, 268.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn13>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn13"></a><a href="#_ftnref13" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn13'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[13]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn13'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn13'></span>&nbsp;This
is the theme of Chapter 14 and as will been seen later becomes the major
purpose of scholars such as Karris, Minear and <span
class=SpellE>Marxsen</span> for Paul letter to 
 w:st="on">Rome.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn14>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn14"></a><a href="#_ftnref14" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn14'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[14]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn14'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn14'></span>&nbsp;Campbell<span
class=GramE>, 268.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn15>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn15"></a><a href="#_ftnref15" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn15'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[15]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn15'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn15'></span>&nbsp;Campbell<span
class=GramE>, 269.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn16>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn16"></a><a href="#_ftnref16" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn16'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[16]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn16'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn16'></span>&nbsp;Karl
P. Donfried</span> Ed., <u>The
Romans Debate</u>. (T&amp;T Clark; Edinburgh, 1977).</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn17>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn17"></a><a href="#_ftnref17" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn17'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[17]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn17'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn17'></span>&nbsp;Leon
Morris, <u>The Epistle to the Romans</u>.
(Eerdmans; Grand Rapids, 1988) 8. According to Morris
this is seen as the traditional view.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn18>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn18"></a><a href="#_ftnref18" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn18'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[18]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn18'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn18'></span>&nbsp;W.T.
Shedd, <u>Commentary on Romans</u>. (
 Grand Rapids, 1980 repr
Of 1879 edn 7. Shedd
writes The object of the writer was to give to the
Roman congregation and ultimately to Christendom, a complete statement of
religious truth.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn19>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn19"></a><a href="#_ftnref19" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn19'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[19]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn19'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn19'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>Morris, 7.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn20>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn20"></a><a href="#_ftnref20" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn20'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[20]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn20'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn20'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>Morris, 7.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn21>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn21"></a><a href="#_ftnref21" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn21'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[21]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn21'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn21'></span>&nbsp;Gunter
Bornkamm, The Letter to the Romans as Pauls last will
and Testament Australian Biblical Review XI 1963 2-14. <u>The
Romans Debate</u>. (Ed. Karl P. Donfried:
T&amp;T Clark; Edinburgh, 1977) 16.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn22>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn22"></a><a href="#_ftnref22" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn22'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[22]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn22'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn22'></span>&nbsp;Bornkamm,
<u>The Romans Debate</u>. 21.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn23>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn23"></a><a href="#_ftnref23" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn23'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[23]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn23'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn23'></span>&nbsp;Bornkamm,
<u>The Romans Debate</u>. 21f.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn24>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn24"></a><a href="#_ftnref24" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn24'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[24]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn24'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn24'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>Morris, 9.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn25>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn25"></a><a href="#_ftnref25" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn25'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[25]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn25'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn25'></span>&nbsp;John
Knox, A note on the Text of Romans, New Testament Studies. Volume
2 (1955-56) 193. (191-193)</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn26>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn26"></a><a href="#_ftnref26" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn26'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[26]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn26'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn26'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>Manson, 3.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn27>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn27"></a><a href="#_ftnref27" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn27'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[27]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn27'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn27'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>Morris, 10.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn28>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn28"></a><a href="#_ftnref28" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn28'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[28]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn28'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn28'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>Morris, 11.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn29>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn29"></a><a href="#_ftnref29" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn29'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[29]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn29'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn29'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>Morris, 12.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn30>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn30"></a><a href="#_ftnref30" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn30'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[30]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn30'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn30'></span>&nbsp;Robert
J. Karris, <u>The Romans Debate</u>. (Ed. Karl
P. Donfried: T&amp;T Clark; Edinburgh, 1977) 66:
Karris, Rom 14:1-15:13 and the Occasion of Romans, Catholic Bible Quarterly
Volume 35 No 2 (1973) 155-78.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn31>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn31"></a><a href="#_ftnref31" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn31'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[31]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn31'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn31'></span>&nbsp;Karris,
<u>The Romans Debate</u>. 67.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn32>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn32"></a><a href="#_ftnref32" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn32'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[32]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn32'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn32'></span>&nbsp;A.J.M.
Wedderburn, The Purpose and Occasion of Romans Again, <u>The
Expository Times</u>, Volume XC No 5 Feb 1979 137-141.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn33>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn33"></a><a href="#_ftnref33" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn33'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[33]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn33'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn33'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>Wedderburn, 137.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn34>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn34"></a><a href="#_ftnref34" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn34'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[34]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn34'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn34'></span>&nbsp;Matthew
Black, <u>Romans</u>. (Eerdmans; Grand Rapids,1973).
Black Sees it as Pauls <i>apologia pro vita et> <span
class=SpellE>doctina</span> sua</i>, his liberal
faith for the gentile world. Yet he sees as the reason for writing the
preparation of the church for his visit and intended missionary work in Spain
Rom 15:22-32. P 4f.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn35>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn35"></a><a href="#_ftnref35" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn35'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[35]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn35'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn35'></span>&nbsp;Wilhelm
Wuellner, Pauls Rhetoric of Argumentation in Romans:
An Alternative to the Donfried-Karris Debate over
Romans, <u>Catholic Bible Quarterly.</u> XXXVIII 1976 330.
330-51. Wuellner writes: My proposal is that a study
of the rhetorical nature of Pauls argumentation, or a study of the nature of
argumentation in Pauls letters, will help us out of the two impasses created by
the fixation with form and genre&nbsp; criticism on one hand, and with specific
social or political situations on the other hand,. He then concludes his thesis
with,the rhetorical nature of Romans is coherent with
the <i>status</i> of its <i>causa</i>. 350.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn36>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn36"></a><a href="#_ftnref36" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn36'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[36]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn36'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn36'></span>&nbsp;Robert
Jewett, Romans as an Ambassadorial Letter, <u>Interpretation</u>, XXXVI<span
class=GramE>&nbsp; No</span> 1 (1982) 5-20. Jewett writes using <span
class=SpellE>Weullners</span> suggested solution as basis for his own
hypothesis, and concludes with, Romans as an ambassadorial letter provokes us
to reflect on the potential of evangelical diplomacy, which might be useful in
situations of congregational and denominational discord. 20.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn37>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn37"></a><a href="#_ftnref37" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn37'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[37]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn37'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn37'></span>&nbsp;C.H.
Dodd, <u>The Epistle to the Romans</u>. <span
class=GramE>(Hodder</span> &amp; Stoughton: London, 1954)
xxv.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn38>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn38"></a><a href="#_ftnref38" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn38'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[38]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn38'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn38'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>Dodd, xxvf</span>.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn39>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn39"></a><a href="#_ftnref39" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn39'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[39]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn39'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn39'></span>&nbsp;G.G.
Findlay, <u>The Epistle of Paul The Apostle</u>.
(Charles H. Kelly: London, 1903) 138.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn40>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn40"></a><a href="#_ftnref40" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn40'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[40]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn40'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn40'></span>&nbsp;C.K.
Barrett, <u>A Commentary on the Epistle to the
Romans</u>. (Adam &amp; Charles Black: London, 1957) 7.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn41>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn41"></a><a href="#_ftnref41" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn41'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[41]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn41'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn41'></span>&nbsp;Ann
Jervis, The Purpose of Romans, Journal for the Study
of the New Testament: Supplement Series 55. (JSOT Press:
Sheffield, 1991) 163f.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn42>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn42"></a><a href="#_ftnref42" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn42'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[42]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn42'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn42'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>Jervis, 163.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn43>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn43"></a><a href="#_ftnref43" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn43'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[43]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn43'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn43'></span>&nbsp;Reta
Haltenman, Finger. <u>Paul and the Roman House Churches</u>, (Herald Press:
Scottdale; Pennsylvannia,
1993) 24f.</p>

</div>

<div id=ftn44>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn44"></a><a href="#_ftnref44" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn44'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[44]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn44'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn44'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>Finger, 28.</span></p>

</div>

<div id=ftn45>

<p class=MsoFootnoteText><a name="_ftn45"></a><a href="#_ftnref45" title=""><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn45'><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
class=MsoFootnoteReference><sup><span style='position:relative;top:0pt'><span
style='font-size:8.0pt'>[45]</span></span></sup></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_ftn45'></span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_ftn45'></span>&nbsp;<span
class=GramE>Finger, 28.</span></p>

</div>


<br>
<div id="footer"> <a href="Default.aspx"><p class=MsoFootnoteText>Homepage</a> | <a href="aboutus.aspx">contact</a> | &copy; 2000 Forrest Ministries. | Design by <a href="http://www.forrestitservices.org"> www.forrestitservices.org</a> </div>
</div></div>
</body>
</html>
